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A Geared Bike has multiple gears that can be shifted to adjust the bike's pedaling resistance, allowing the rider to tackle various terrains and inclines. This makes it more versatile and adaptable to different riding conditions. A Non-Geared Bike, also known as a single-speed bike, has only one gear and cannot be shifted. This makes it simpler and less maintenance-intensive, but also less versatile in terms of handling different terrains and inclines. It's important to note that the choice of gear system depends on the intended use of the bike, the type of terrain, and the rider's preferences.

There are two main types of brakes available on a bike: Rim brakes and disc Brakes. Rim Brakes work by squeezing pads against the rims of the wheels, while disc brakes work by squeezing pads against the rotors located on the wheel hub. Rim Brakes are more common on road bikes, hybrids, and some city bikes, while Disc Brakes are more common on mountain bikes, gravel bikes, and some road bikes. Disc Brakes tend to be more powerful, offer more consistent performance in wet conditions, and have more stopping power, but they are also heavier and more complex than Rim Brakes.

Rim Brakes have a simple and lightweight design which is less expensive and easier to maintain. However, they are less powerful and less consistent in wet conditions than Disc Brakes. They also tend to wear out the rims of the wheels faster. On the other hand, Disc Brakes are more powerful and consistent in wet conditions, have better-stopping power, and are less affected by rim wear. However, they are heavier, more complex, and more expensive than Rim Brakes and require more maintenance. The choice of brake system depends on the bike’s intended use, the type of terrain, and the rider's preferences.

There are several types of bike suspensions that are designed to improve the comfort and control of a bike while riding on rough terrain. The most common types include Hardtail, Softail, and Full Suspension.

• i. Hardtail bikes have suspension on the front fork only, which helps absorb vibrations and shocks from the front wheel.
• ii. Softtail bikes have a rear suspension, which helps to absorb shocks and vibrations from the rear wheel.
• iii. Full suspension bikes have suspension on both the front and rear, which provides the most comprehensive level of shock absorption.
• iv. Hydraulic suspension system that uses oil-filled shocks and a pump to adjust the stiffness of the suspension, allowing for a more comfortable and controlled ride on rough terrain.
• v. Mechanical suspension is a system that uses metal coils or leaf springs as a way of absorbing the impact of the terrain and providing a more comfortable ride on rough terrain.
• vi. Lock in Lock out suspension allows the rider to lock the suspension in a fully extended position to make the bike more efficient while riding on smooth surfaces, and unlock it to make the bike more comfortable while riding on rough terrain.
• Additionally, different types of suspension systems, such as coil spring, air-spring, and coil-over-air, are used on different types of bikes based on the intended use, rider preference, and budget.

Wheel size is one of the most important factors when choosing a bike, as it can affect the handling and stability of the bike. The most common wheel sizes for adult bikes are 700C, 27.5" and 29". 700C wheels are the standard size for road bikes and hybrids, 27.5" wheels are common on mountain bikes, and 29" wheels are used on some mountain bikes and some hybrid bikes. The smaller wheel size of 27.5" is generally considered more agile and easier to maneuver, while the larger 29" wheels offer better stability and roll over obstacles more easily. 700c wheels are suitable for smooth surfaces, while 27.5" and 29" are suitable for off-road terrain. The best option for you will depend on the type of riding you plan to do and your personal preferences.

There are several types of bike tyres available, each with its own unique characteristics and best usage. Clincher Tyres are the most common type of tyre and are best for road riding, commuting, and touring. They have an inner tube that can be easily replaced in case of a puncture. Tubeless Tyres are similar to clinchers but do not have an inner tube and are best for off-road riding, as they have better puncture resistance. Tubular Tyres are sewn around an inner tube and are used mostly in racing; they are lightweight and have better performance, but they are hard to fix in the event of a flat. Knobby Tyres are best for off-road riding; they have a deep tread pattern and are designed to provide traction on loose surfaces such as mud and gravel. Slick Tyres have smooth and minimal tread; they are best for road riding and high-speed riding, and they provide less rolling resistance.

Cycling has many benefits for individuals and society, they improve health, reduce pollution and traffic, help to save money on transportation costs, and promote an active lifestyle. It's a low-impact cardiovascular exercise that can reduce the risk of chronic diseases, improve mental health, and contribute to a more sustainable planet. It is a fun and social activity that allows one to explore new places and make new friends.